Chernihiv Region is an oblast (province) of northern Ukraine. Its capital is Chernihiv (also known as Chernigov).

Historically, the oblast is a part of the Polesia region of Ukraine. The area of the province is 31,900 km², its population (as of 1 May 2004) is 1,200,416.

The oblast is bordered by the Kyivs'ke reservoir of Dnieper and the Kiev Oblast to the west, by the Sumy Oblast to the east, and the Poltava Oblast to the south. The oblast forms part of Ukraine's international border with Belarus' Homyel voblast (to the north-west) and the Russia's Bryansk Oblast (to the north), respectively.

The oblast is bisected into northern and southern regions by the Desna River, which enters the Dnieper just north of the Kiev (Kyiv) city limits.

The capital city of Chernihiv has known human settlement for over 2,000 years, according to archaeological excavations. Chernihivs'ka oblast' comprises a very important historical region, notable as early as the Kyivan Rus' period, when the oblast' cities of Chernihiv and Novhorod-Sivers'kiy were frequently mentioned. The city of Chernihiv was the second most important Ukrainian city during the Rus' period of Ukrainian history, often serving as a major regional capital. Danylo of Chernihiv wrote of his pilgrimage to Jerusalem during this era. The numerous architectural monuments of the city bear witness to the invasions suffered, including those by the Tatars/Mongols, Lithuanians, Poles, Russians, and Nazis.

The economy of the Chernihivs'ka oblast' mostly deals with petroleum and natural gas extraction, transport, machinery, tobacco and textile industry. A major tobacco factory is situated in Pryluky. Cities of Bakhmach and Nizhyn are the important railway junctions on the route from Russia and Belarus to South-Eastern Europe. There are notable machinery and electronics industries in Chernihiv. Chernihiv also has a beer brewery producing beer under the name "Chernihivske".

There are few outstanding historical Orthodox churches and buildings in Chernihiv, Novhorod-Siverskyi, Liubech, Nizhyn (Nezhyn) and Koselets' (the ancient Rus' town elder than Kiev). Nizhyn is a historical Cossack city and home to a university.

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