Ternopil Region is an oblast (province) of Ukraine. Its capital is Ternopil.

Before World War I, the oblast was ruled by Austria-Hungary; after it, by Poland, in which, before World War II the area was a part of the Tarnopol Voivodship. The capital was 40% Polish, 20% Ukrainian and 40% Jewish before World War II, when the population was 35,000.
After World War II, most Poles were relocated to Poland. In 2005, the population had grown to roughly 225,000, mostly Ukrainian with a large Russian or Russian-speaking minority and an invisibly small Jewish community. The religion is mostly Greek Catholic (Uniate) with active Orthodox and Protestant minorities. Many churches, large and small, have been built every year since the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. The city has important institutions of higher education, including two teacher's colleges, an international medical school with instruction in English and one of three economics institutes in Ukraine.

One of the major battles in the Soviet Union was fought to control Ternopil because it is a rail transportation hub. After the war, the destroyed residential section near the river was turned into an artificial lake instead of being rebuilt.
Although the city continues to grow rapidly, heavily supported by remittances from workers abroad, many abandoned buildings in rural areas of the oblast and even in the city give mute evidence that the economy is mixed.
The area of the region is 13,800 km² its population (as of 2004-05-01) is 1.1 million people.

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